White clover: loss in drought and subsequent recovery

Abstract

There are limitations to the production and persistence of white clover in drought prone regions. We report on the population dynamics of white clover during the summer/autumn drought of 2000. Seventeen paddocks were selected from Marlborough, Mid Canterbury, South Canterbury and North Otago on the east coast of the South Island, and Wairarapa in the North Island. The pastures were sown in 1998/99 and are comprised of ryegrass, tall fescue, cocksfoot or combinations of these as the grass base, with white clover included in the mix. White clover populations were monitored pre- and post-drought using tiller cores. The percentage of each region's long-term mean rainfall received during the 6-month "drought period" had the largest influence on the presence of white clover in these pastures. Marlborough, with only 73 mm of rainfall during November 2000-April 2001 (23% of its expected rainfall) suffered a 95% reduction in white clover. Mid Canterbury, South Canterbury and North Otago, at 53-61% of expected rainfall had a 40-78% loss. In contrast, Wairarapa, with 303 mm of rainfall, lost only 8%. The rate of recovery was closely related to the magnitude of white clover loss during drought. In regions where large losses occurred, further sampling after 18 months showed little increase in white clover presence. Key words: drought, persistence, populations, seedling, Trifolium repens, white clover