Potential for seed production of non-traditional herbage species in New Zealand

Abstract

The New Zealand herbage seed industry is looking to diversify and reduce its almost complete dependence on ryegrass and white clover. This review examines some opportunities and constraints to achieving this industry goal. In the near future, low input sustainable agriculture is likely to create a demand for seed of species such as alsike, Caucasian, zigzag and suckling clovers, crown vetch, velvet grass, white sweet clover, hairy canary clover, birdsfoot trefoil, perennial lupin, yarrow, tagasaste, wheat grass, oat grass, phalaris, paspalum, dogstail and sheep's burnet. There is also potential for export of herbage legumes such as annual medics, berseem clover, vetches, sainfoin, sulla, lotus and sweet clover, particularly to the Mediterranean region and Australia. The New Zealand seed industry has the strengths required to meet these challenges, and areas of lower fertility and free-draining irrigatable soils such as parts of Canterbury are likely to be highly suitable for non-conventional herbage legume seed production. At present there are important constraints, including lack of seed supply and therefore little demand, very limited seed production information, lack of available financial resources, and competition from overseas producers. These problems are discussed. However, they can be overcome, and by 1995 New Zealand could expect commercial seed production of birdsfoot trefoil, sulla, perennial lupin, serradella, Caucasian and zigzag clovers, velvet grass, smooth and upland bromes, phalaris, paspalum, dogstail, dryland bent, yarrow and sheep's burnet. Brief seed production information for some of these species is appended. Keywords: herbage legumes and grasses, pasture herbs, forage shrubs, seed production potential, export, research, marketing