Farm forestry must be viewed as a capital crop, the economics of which are considerably improved through complementary production from livestock grazing the forest floor. The grazing animals maintain a clean forest floor, do not significantly affect the rata of tree growth, and reduce the burden of financing the necessary silvicultural operations. The greatest disadvantage is in the time delay beltween establishment and final income, and farmers must ensure that areas planted on farms do not unduly constrain annual income from the remaining farm area, and thereby increase the requirement for large-scale financing from external sources.
